The LABALMA workshop. The Exhibition will take place at 14 Street Y New-York October 17 - November תערוכת האומנים מוצגת

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1 The LABALMA workshop The LABALMA Body Project is co-curated by Anat Litwin and Eran Ehrlich with support from Tzili Charney, LABA Curator. פרויקט הגוף של LABALMA נאצר על ידי ענת ליטוין וערן ארליך בשיתוף צילי דורון צ'רני, האוצרת של.LABA The Exhibition will take place at 14 Street Y New-York October 17 - November תערוכת האומנים מוצגת ב Y 14th Street ניו יורק ב

2 42 מור ארקדיר עלמא ילידת בוגרת בצלאל, ירושלים, ועמיתה בעלמא - מכללה עברית, תל אביב. הציגה בתערוכות שונות בארץ ובעולם, ובהן "יחיד יחד" - תערוכה קבוצתית, קרן עדי, בשיתוף מוזיאון ישראל )2007(; "שמן, מים" - המוזיאון היהודי, ניו יורק )2008(; "3053 מס' 3 יפו" - פסטיבל הסרטים ה- 26, יפו )2009(. זכתה בפרס עדי להבעה יהודית באמנות ובעיצוב, על עבודת אמנות המורכבת מצילום סטילס ווידיאו )2006(. MOR ARKADIR ALMA Mor studied at Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem from 2001 to 2005 and studied at Alma in She has presented her work in various exhibitions in Israel and worldwise, among them "Single Together"- a group exhibition, Keren Adi, in cooperation with the Israel Museum (2007); Oil, water" - the Jewish Mueum, New York (2008); "3053 No. 3 Jaffa" - 26 th Film Festival, Jaffa (2009). Mor won the Adi Prize for Jewish expression in art and design, for her artwork composed of still photography and video (2006).

3 "Beware of three things: Don't sit too long, sitting is hard on the lower regions; Don't stand too long, standing is hard on the heart; Don't walk too long, walking is hard on the eyes. Rather sit a third, stand a third and walk a third. Standing is better than sitting when one has nothing to lean against" (Babylonian talmud, tractate kethubot, 111a) "היזהר בשלושה דברים: אל תרבה בישיבה, שישיבה קשה לתחתוניות; ואל תרבה בעמידה, שעמידה קשה ללב; ואל תרבה בהליכה, שהליכה קשה לעיניים. אלא שליש בישיבה, שליש בעמידה, שליש בהילוך. כל ישיבה שאין בה סמיכה - עמידה שיש בה סמיכה נוחה הימנה" )תלמוד בבלי, כתובות קיא(. 43

4 44 RUTH OPPENHEIM LABA Ruth was born in Israel and currently lives and works in New York city. She began her art studies in 2003 at the Gerrit Rietveld Academy in Amsterdam. After 2 years, she transferred to the Cooper Union School of Art in New York city where she received her BFA. Ruth has participated in several group shows such as: "When Artists say We" at the Artists Space Gallery in New York; "Benny's Bungalow" at the Shore Institute of Contemporary Art in Long Branch, New Jersey; WOOLOO.ORG's "REBRANDING ACTS"; TINA B. at the Prague Contemporary Art Festival; and Ours: Democracy in the Age of Branding at the Sheila C. Johnson Design Center of Parsons- The New School for Design in New York city. In the fall of 2009, Ruth will begin her Masters degree in Fine Art at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. רות אופנהיים LABA ילידת 1980, ישראל. חיה ויוצרת בניו יורק. החלה את לימודיה בשנת 2003 בג ריט ריט פלד אקדמי באמסטרדם. אחרי שנתיים, במסגרת חילופי סטודנטים, עברה לקופר יוניון בניו יורק, שם קיבלה את התואר הראשון. השתתפה בכמה תערוכות קבוצתיות בארצות הברית ובאירופה. בסתיו 2009 תתחיל את לימודי התואר השני באמנות באוניברסיטת קורנל, באיתקה שבמדינת ניו יורק.

5 In a horizontal state - Thoughts about time Сeiling sleeper 2009 In my horizontal state I can see the whole ceiling sky with its endless amount of office-like stars. My astrological map unfolds on top of me, and I can start putting dot to dot two dots to a line. I will be born in the spooning sign. I can see it sparkles above my head The head is already pointing down - the time is close - we are getting there. It feels good to be looking at the office sky counting the dost reading the future. The horoscope says that tomorrow will be a good day. The bed is one of the rare places where we adopt roughly speaking a horizontal posture. The others are much more specialized: operating table, bench in sauna, chaiselongue, beach, psychoanalyst's couch " (Perec Georges, Species of Spaces and Other Pieces, page19) במצב אופקי - מחשבות על זמן המיטה היא אחד מאותם מקומות נדירים בהם, אם לומר זאת בזהירות, אנו מאמצים תנוחה אופקית. המקומות האחרים הם הרבה יותר =ממוקצעים: שולחן הניתוחים, הספסל בסאונה, כורסת הסבה, חוף, ספת האנליסט. ז'ורז' פרק, חלל וכו' - מבחר מרחבים 45 וירא אברהם בכוכבים כי לא יהיו לו ילדים, ויען לו אלוהים: צאצאיך יהיו רבים ככוכבי השמים לרוב, אשר בהם אתה רואה כי לא יהיו לך ילדים

6 46 Abraham saw in the stars that he would not have children. G-d replied, Your offspring will be as numerous as the very stars in which you see you'll have no children'. This is one of a ten part self-study series taken from Our body, which is transitory, exists always in the present moment. It is the mind that drifts through the past and future. Our bodies' inevitable decay causes us to fear death, and therefore imagine the future. Our search for wisdom and hungry longings lead us to excavate the past. In Judaism, the concept of future is practically considered irrelevant. According to the Jewish concept of time, a man should live in the present, learn and cherish his past, and above all trust God for taking care of his future. בן ביתי יורש אותי אמר לו לאו }בראשית טו-ד{ כי אם אשר יצא ממעיך אמר לפניו רבש''ע נסתכלתי באיצטגנינות שלי ואיני ראוי להוליד בן אמר ליה צא מאיצטגנינות שלך שאין מזל לישראל מאי דעתיך תלמוד בבלי, מסכת שבת, דף קנו Shabbat 156a אמר אברהם לפני הקב"ה רבש"ע בן ביתי יורש אותי אמר לו לאו כי אשר יצא ממעיך אמר לפניו רבש"ע נסתכלתי באיצטגנינות שלי ואיני ראוי להוליד בן אמר ליה צא מאיצטגנינות שלך. הציטוט הוא חלק אחד מתוך סדרת לימוד עצמי בת עשרה פרקים שנלקחה מ- גופנו, שהוא בר חלוף, קיים תדיר בהווה. זוהי הנפש אשר נסחפת לה אל העבר והעתיד. הדעיכה הבלתי נמנעת של גופנו גורמת לנו לראות את המוות, ומכאן גם מונעת מאיתנו לדמיין את העתיד. החיפוש שלנו אחר חוכמה, והגעגועים הכואבים שלנו, גורמים לנו לחפור בעבר. ביהדות, המושג עתיד הוא באופן מעשי לא רלוונטי. על פי תפישת הזמן היהודית, אדם צריך לחיות בהווה, ללמוד ולהוקיר את העבר, ומעל הכל, לבטוח באלוהים שידאג לעתיד. המלחמה עם האובססיה שלנו בנוגע למוות, והאיסור לדעת את העתיד, הם קרב אבוד מראש. ולכן ליהדות תמיד היתה מערכת יחסים ניגודית עם האסטרולוגיה. הנסיון לדעת את העתיד נחשב לניחוש, צורה אסורה של עבודת אלילים. למרות זאת, יש לאורך כל ההיסטוריה היהודית דוגמאות אינספור לשימוש באסטרולוגיה ובאמונות טפלות. היהדות מעוגנת באופן חד על זכרון העבר. העבר של כל אחד הוא זהותו ומורשתו. נאירוזה יהודית שכזאת

7 Fighting the mortal obsession with death, and being forbidden from wanting to know the future, is a losing battle. Therefore, Judaism has always had a conflicted relationship with Astrology. Attempting to foresee the future, is considered to be divination, a forbidden form of idolatry. Yet there are innumerable examples of the use of Astrology and superstition throughout Jewish history. Judaism is firmly founded on remembering the past. One's past is his identity and his heritage. Such Jewish neuroses demanded the invention of modern Psychology. The psychoanalytic need to dig into one's past is deeply Jewish. In Psychoanalysis like in Judaism, the future is irrelevant if you don't know your past. The past dictates your present which will determine your future. Just ask your mother. Both the need to predict the future and the need to understand the past emerge from our bodily present. In a horizontal state, our physicality is challenged. Our head loses its supremacy over our body. Our heart and mind are finally equal. You gaze facing the sky but are left to reflect on the image of yourself in it. The horizontal state is our physical present. We shift from head to toe - from past to future - letting our body become a channel for time. Our time. תבעה את המצאת הפסיכולוגיה המודרנית. הדרישה של הפסיכואנליזה לחפור בעברו של הסובייקט, היא באופן עמוק יהודית. בפסיכואנליזה, כמו ביהדות, העתיד אינו רלוונטי אם אינך יודע את עברך. העבר מכתיב את ההוה שלך, אשר יקבע את עתידך. גם הרצון לדעת את העתיד, וגם הצורך להבין את העבר נובעים מההווה הגופני שלנו. המצב האופקי מציג אתגר לפיזיות שלנו. שוב אין לראש שלנו עליונות על גופנו. מוחנו וליבנו סוף סוף שווים הם. את מתבוננת ברקיע, אבל מתאפשר לך להרהר על דמותך הנשקפת בהם. המצב האפקי הוא ההווה הפיזי שלנו. אנו נעים מן הקודקוד אל קצות אצבעותינו - מן העבר אל העתיד - ומאפשרים לגופנו לההפך למוליך של זמן. הזמן שלנו. 47

8 48 מיקה אורסתיו עלמא ילידת 1977, ירושלים. בעלת תעודת מקצוע בנגרות ובחריטת עץ. בוגרת בצלאל - ירושלים. למדה קרמיקה ב- Llotja בברצלונה. זכתה במלגה על שם שרת, קרן התרבות אמריקה-ישראל. מתגוררת ועובדת בירושלים, עוסקת בקרמיקה, נגרות ומחול. מלמדת קדרות ופיסול ואסיסטנטית לקדרות בבצלאל. מציגה בתערוכות בארץ ובחו"ל, ובהן: הביינאלה הרביעית לקרמיקה ישראלית, מוזיאון ארץ ישראל, רמת אביב, ;2007 Israel,"From the Melting Pot into the Fire: Contemporary Ceramics in מוזיאון מינט )Mint( שבשארלוט,)Charlotte( צפון קרוליינה, MICHAELLA (MICAH) ORSTAV ALMA Micah was born in Jerusalem 1977 and holds a professional diploma in carpentry and wood carving as well as a BA in ceramic and glass design from Bezalel Jerusalem. Studied ceramics at the Llotja School in Barcelona. Micha was awarded a Sharett scholarship of the America-Israel Culture Fund. She currently lives and works in Jerusalem, focusing on ceramics, carpentry and dance. She owns an independent ceramics studio, She also works as assistant in pottery at Bezalel Academy. She exhibits her work in exhibitions in Israel and abroad, including: The Fourth Biennale for Israeli Ceramics, at the Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv in 2007 and From the Melting Pot into the Fire": Contemporary Ceramics in Israel at the Mint Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA in 2008.

9 And the Lord said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiff-necked people" (Exodus XXXII 9). The work relates to the trait stiff-necked" by means of the stubbornness" intrinsic to various ceramic materials and the resulting forms, vis-à-vis my own stubbornness. Stiff-necked - Stubborn My work relates to the traits of ceramic material and expresses my connection to them. Ceramic material, and in particular porcelain, has properties and sensitivities all its own. While it is elastic and can be molded and fashioned, it also dries up, shrinks, cracks, collapses, crumbles and breaks. Therefore, it does not accept all mastery. The way I cope with the material is expressed in how I work with it: the stretching, rolling thin, cutting, building - examining its boundaries" and its limitations - they create the dialogue between my stiff-necked" intransigence and that of the material. I am attentive to the material and work with it, but I also try to contend with its traits and limitations and even to make their presence felt. 49 "ו י אמ ר ה' א ל-מ ש ה רא ית י א ת ה ע ם ה ז ה ו ה נ ה ע ם- ק ש ה-ע רף ה וא" )שמות ל"ב ט'(. העבודה מתייחסת לתכונה "קשה עורף" על ידי ה"עקשנות" המהותית של חומרים קרמיים שונים והצורות הנובעות ממנה, אל מול העקשנות שלי. קשה עורף - עקשנות עבודתי מתייחסת לתכונות החומר הקרמי ומבטאת את היחס שלי אליהן. לחומר הקרמי, ובמיוחד לפורצלן, יש תכונות ורגישויות משלו. אמנם הוא אלסטי וניתן לעצב אותו ולבנות איתו, אך הוא גם מתייבש, מתכווץ, נסדק, קורס, מתפורר, נשבר. לפיכך הוא לא מקבל כל מרות. ההתמודדות שלי מול החומר מתבטאת באופן פעולתי עליו: המתיחה, הדיקוק, החיתוך, הבנייה - בדיקת ה"גבולות" והמגבלות שלו - הם היוצרים את הדיאלוג בין קשיות העורף שלי לזו של החומר. אני קשובה לחומר ועובדת איתו, אך גם מנסה להתמודד עם תכונותיו ועם מגבלותיו ואף להנכיח אותם.

10 50 YOAV GAL LABA Composer and multi-disciplinary artist Yoav Gal specializes in the marriage of music and image. The NY Times describe his works as "Indie Opera." Yoav's works for stage include MOSHEH, a videopera, currently in residency at HERE Arts Center, NY, and a NY City Opera VOX 2009 selection; VENUS IN FURS (Golden Fleece LTD, 2004); THE DWARF (Vertical Player Rep, 2003) and Mao Zedong-Jealous Son (LaMaMa ETC 1999). Yoav has also been commissioned by Bang on a Can, and many other chamber groups and soloists. Born in Israel and educated mostly in New York, Yoav caswell as often produces and directs his own works for stage. He authors text, and also designs sets, video and props. His recorded music include the widely praised virtual opera' CD, Bit by Bit, Cell by Cell (Innova), as well as Venus in Furs (CD Baby) up-coming MOSHEH, and ABSALOM. יואב גל LABA מלחין ואמן רב תחומי, מתמחה במיזוג מוזיקה עם דימוי חזותי. הניו יורק טיימס תאר את עבודתו כ"אינדי-אופרה". בין יצירותיו התיאטרליות נכללות "משה - וידאופרה," שיעלה בניו יורק בתיאטרון HERE Arts Center בספטמבר 2010 ואף זכה להקראה תיזמורתית ע"י ה-ניו יורק סיטי אופרה; "ונוס בפרווה," )2004( שהוזמן ובוצע ע"י גולדן פליס אופרה בניו יורק; "הגמד" שהועלה ע"י ורטיקל פלייר רפ בניו יורק )2003(; "מאו דזה דונג - בן קנאי" )1999( שהועלה בלה-מאמה בניו יורק. יצירותיו הקמריות של יואב גל הוזמנו ובוצעו ע"י אנסמבלים וסולנים רבים, ביניהם can"."bang on a יואב גל נולד וגדל בישראל והשלים את לימודי המוזיקה שלו בניו יורק, בה הוא מתגורר כיום עם אישתו מירית ובתו ענת. הוא מפיק בעצמו רבות מיצירותיו, כותב תמלילים, מעצב במה, וידאו ותלבושות. מיצירותיו המוקלטות הדיסק,CD, Bit by Bit, Cell by Cell שיצא לאור בחברת התקליטים innova וקצר שבחים, "ונוס בפרווה" )2007,)CD Baby ובקרוב יצאו לאור "משה" ו"אבשלום".

11 Sketches from The Three Weeks, a videopera Yoav Gal, Music and design, Ruby Namdar, Libretto, Mirit Tal, video design * During the siege of Jerusalem, c. 70 AD. About the hunger, the delicate body of Martha Bat Boetus, and her failure to comprehend a changed reality. Martha, daughter of Boethus, was the richest woman in Jerusalem. She sent out her manservant, saying, «Go and bring me some fine flour.» By the time he went, the fine flour was sold out. He came back and told her, «There is no fine flour, but there is plain white bread.» She said to him, «Go and bring me some.» By the time he went, he found the white bread also sold out. He came back again and told her, «There is no white bread, but there is coarse black bread.» She said to him, «Go and bring me some.» By the time he went, that, too, was sold out. He returned and said to her, «There is no coarse black bread, but there is barley flour.» She said, «Go and bring me some.» By the time he went, this also was sold out. She took off her shoes and said, «I will go out and see if I can find anything at all to eat.» Some dung stuck to her foot, and she died! As Martha was dying, she brought out all her gold and silver, and threw it into the street, saying, «What good is this to me?» סקיצות מתוך שלושה שבועות: ו י דא ו פ רה הלחנה ועיצוב - יואב גל ליברית - רובי נמדר עיצוב וידאו - מירית טל בזמן המצור על ירושלים בשנת החורבן. על הרעב, על גופה העדין של מרתא בת בייתוס, ועל הכישלון להבין את המציאות שנשתנתה. האופרה סובבת סביב ארועים שהתרחשו בירושלים הנצורה בסמוך לחורבן בית שני. הדמות המרכזית היא זו 51

12 52 Martha signifies Jerusalem's excesses. In ordinary time she was rich and powerful enough to buy the High Priesthood for her husband, Yehoshua Ben Gamla, with a fantastic sum of money. In the story of the siege of Jerusalem, she is a symbol of blindness and incomprehension. The world has turned up-side down. The magnificent Jerusalem is besieged and starving. The poor die in silently in the streets; the rich are powerless; the zealots, with callous hearts, step over dead bodies on their way to make more war. Martha's physical existence is tied to her status. She is confused. Her shoes are made to use inside her house, which she never needs to leave. We are told about one occasion in Martha's past, when she wanted to see her husband (the high priest) perform the rites of Yom Kipur in the temple, carpets were laid on the ground for her to walk on from her house to the temple. So we know that venturing out was a rare event for her. She is the lady of whom it was told the tender and delicate among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness and tenderness " (Deut 28:56) Martha's wealth now counts for nothing. Sending her servant to procure the finest of flour, she may not have even realized that there is starvation in the street. But hunger is now even inside her big house, and the servants cannot help her. So she takes of her shoes, her delicate silky sleepers, and places her baby foot, for the first time in her life, on the filthy ground of a city at war. We can picture her body, soft, white, של רבי יוחנן בן זכאי, שנתייאש מן התקווה שירושלים תוושע, הבריח עצמו מן העיר הנצורה חבוי בתוך ארון קבורה, ובשיחה הרת הגורל עם המצביא, לימים הקיסר, אספסיאנוס "מסר" את ירושלים בתמורה לבית מידרש ביבנה. בן זכאי הוא דמות שנויה במחלוקת. רבנים מאוחרים יותר מתועדים בתלמוד כמטילים ספק במעשהו. דמותו עומדת על ציר המחוג של ההיסטוריה היהודית: המעבר של עם היושב על אדמתו למצב של גלות. הרצון לדרוש במעשה הזה מחדש נובע מן התקוה להפנות את מבטו של הצופה אל תהליכים בני זמננו שמקורם בחורבן - היוולדה מחדש של אומה השואפת, במודע או שלא במודע, לבנות את בית מקדשה שאבד. הליברית נוצר מטקסטים מן המקורות בלבד. הסיפור התלמודי עשיר בדימויי גוף, הצובעים את תאורי המלחמה והחורבן בצבעים בוטים: ראשיהם הכרותים של חיילי אספסיאנוס נסחרים בתמרים, יוחנן חולק ארון קבורה עם נבלת חיה מסריחה, כף רגלו הנפוחה של המצביא מנבאת את עליתו לגדולה. דימויים של צואה חוזרים ונשנים: בתו של נקדימון בן גוריון, מאחת המשפחות העשירות בירושלים, מתגלה ע"י ריב"ז פולה זרעים מתוך גללי סוס. במקום אחר אספסיאנוס בוחן את צואתם של העבריים, מוצא שאין בה דגן ומסיק מכך שהם מורעבים. לבסוף סיפורה של מרתא בת בייתוס, שיובא להלן: מרתא בת בייתוס העשירה שבירושלים היתה. שגרה שליח לשוק ואמרה לו: לך והבא לי סלת! עד שהלך נמכרה הסלת. בא ואמר לה: סלת אין, פת נקיה יש. אמרה לו: לך הבא! עד שהלך נמכרה אף זו. בא ואמר לה: פת נקיה אין, פת קיבר יש

13 her skin almost transparent, the slightest exposure to the elements is ruinous to her. She is so delicate that contact with animal feces causes her to die on the spot, in the street, like a large balloon pricked by a needle. Martha now belongs to Jerusalem's extravagant past. She stands in contrast to the main character, Yochanan Ben Zakai, who lays out the future. Wisdom is unlike wealth. When Yochanan is observing the chaos around him he does not throw his gold and silver in the street" helplessly, and die, like Martha. He is clear-headed in the midst of the chaos. Yochanan has seen it all foretold. Long before the rebellion and the Roman invasion, he noticed the irregularities in the workings of the temple: the lot did not come up in the high priest's right hand, nor did the crimson strand turn white, nor did the westernmost lamp burn continually. And [ominously] the doors of the Temple Hall would open by themselves, until Rabban Yochanan ben Zakai reprimanded them, saying, «Temple Hall, Temple Hall, why do you alarm yourself? I already know about you, that you are to be destroyed, for long ago Zechariah, son of Iddo, prophesied to you, 'Open thy doors, O Lebanon that the fire may devour thy cedars" So he acts. Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakai went out to walk in the marketplace and saw men of Jerusalem stewing straw and drinking its water, he said to himself: Can men who אמרה לו: לך הבא! עד שהלך נמכרה אף זו. בא ואמר לה: פת קיבר אין, קמח שעורים יש. אמרה לו: לך הבא! עד שהלך נמכר אף זה. חלצה נעליה, ואמרה: אצא ואראה, שמא אמצא דבר לאכול. נטפלו לה גללים ברגלה ומתה. קרא עליה רבן יוחנן בן זכאי: הרכה בך והענוגה אשר לא נסתה כף רגלה הצג מהתענג ומרך... ובשעת מיתתה, הוציאה כל כספה וזהבה וזרקתם לשוק ואמרה: אלו למה לי? מרתא מגלמת את הניוון של עשירי ירושלים. בימים כתיקונם היתה עשירה דיה כדי לקנות לבעלה בכסף את הכהונה הגדולה, אבל עכשיו העולם התהפך. ירושלים הזוהרת, נצורה וגוועת. העניים מתים ברחובות בדממה, העשירים חסרי אונים, הקנאים דורכים על גופות המתים ברגל גסה בדרכם לאסור מלחמה. קיומה הגופני של מרתא הוא גם קיומה המעמדי. היא המומה ומבולבלת. נעליה נועדו לשימוש בבית בלבד, משום שמעולם אינה צריכה לצאת. נאמר אודותיה שפעם אחת, כשרצתה לחזות בבעלה, יהושוע בן גמלא - הכהן הגדול, קורא בתורה ביום הכיפורים, שטיחים פרסו לה מביתה עד בית המקדש. יציאה אל הרחוב, אם כן, היתה מקרה נדיר. עליה נאמר: ה ר כ ה ב ך ו ה ע נ ג ה א ש ר לא נ ס ת ה כ ף רג ל ה ה צ ג ע ל ה א רץ מ ה ת ע נ ג ומ ר ך ת רע ע ינ ה ב א י ש ח י ק ה וב ב נ ה וב ב ת ה: וב ש ל י ת ה ה י וצ ת מ ב ין רג ל יה וב ב נ יה א ש ר ת ל ד כ י ת אכ ל ם ב ח ס ר כ ל ב ס ת ר ב מ צ ור וב מ צ וק א ש ר י צ יק ל ך א י ב ך ב ש ע רי ך. )דברים כח פס' נו( כל עשרה של מרתא, שוויו עכשיו כלום. היא שולחת את משרתה לרכוש סולת בשוק, כמו לא מבינה שיש רעב 53

14 54 are reduced to cooking straw and drinking its water withstand Vespasian's troops? Matters cannot be helped unless I go out of the city. He has himself smuggled out of Jerusalem in a coffin, and he goes to talk to Vespasian. After Yochanan displays his wisdom, Vespasian grants him one wish to be fulfilled. And Yochanan famously asks: Give me Yavneh and it's sages." He says it as if he already knows that Jerusalem is lost. Or maybe he decided long before this conversation, that Jerusalem is so corrupt that it deserves to be destroyed, or maybe he sees an opportunity to do away with the High Priesthood and its power once and for all, and shift the power center from the temple to the realm of the Rabbis. We can only guess his motives. In any case, in return for magnificent Jerusalem all Yochanan asks for is one Beit Midrash! And he is granted his wish. With this un-heroic act he gives birth to a new Jew, a Jew of galut', the one who does not flaunt power and wealth, or magnificence, but rather, survives on minimal subsistence, through cunning, flattery and wisdom, and humbly (and as securely as possible, under the protection of a stronger power) study and pray. Ben Zakai's act still reverberates today. The dramatic conflict of the forces, represented by Martha and Yochanan, is playing itself anew in a re-born nation, which, consciously or unconsciously, strives to rebuild its lost temple. ברחובות. אבל הרעב הגיע גם לביתה, והשליח אובד עצות. היא מסירה, לכן, את נעלי המשי והרקמה, ומניחה את כף רגלה, שעורה כעור תינוק, לראשונה בחייה על המדרכה המזוהמת של העיר הנצורה. גופה של מרתא גדול ולבן, עורה כמעט שקוף, החשיפה לעולם היא מסוכנת עבורה, והמגע עם צואת חיה ממית אותה על המקום, ברחוב. כמו בלון גדול שנוקב בסיכה. דמותה של מרתא יוצרת ניגוד חריף לזו של ריב"ז. היא: עיוורת למציאות המקיפה אותה ונבוכה מהסובב, הוא: צלול ופיקח, מבטו צולח את הכאוס של ההווה ומביט אל עתיד. לה יש ממון רב ההופך לחסר ערך, לו יש חכמה ההופכת למטבע קשה במשא ומתן עם הכובש. היא שייכת לעבר העובר תהליך של חורבן, הוא מנווט את ההווה ומניח יסודות לעתידה של האומה כולה.

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